the introduction of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980 in the US. The Act allowed universities to retain patent rights over …

participate in the secondary market for patents. We document 220 assignments, involving a total of 544 U.S. patent assets, that … appear to represent arms-length patent sales by universities (or other nonprofit research institutes) during the period 2012 … are almost entirely absent from the market. We also find that few academic U.S. patent sales bear the hallmarks of …

century. In addition to the funding agency, the data report whether the government has title to the patent ("title" patents …) or funded a patent assigned to a private organization ("license" patents). The data include a large number of "license …" patents that cannot be linked to government funding from patent text or other sources. Combining the historical data with …

The prevailing historical accounts of the formation of the US aircraft “patent pool” in 1917 assume the US government … necessarily intervened to alleviate a patent hold-up among private aircraft manufacturers. We show these accounts to be … no patent barriers in the market dominated by government demand. We show that the notion of the aircraft patent hold …

In previous work with Mark Lemley I have discussed the critical role played by the courts in fitting patent law to the … American patent law, underscores the need for robust judicial involvement in fostering a healthy patent system. In many … judicial action. In other instances, Congress addressed issues of patent doctrine and procedure that can and should only be …