Patent litigation is widely regarded as one of the most complex types of civil litigation, with costs often totaling millions of dollars and typical case durations stretching for years. Also, the burdens of patent case complexity land on both sides of the technology divide, as large producers...

Since the mid-1990s the changing electricity generation technology mix has resulted in carbon dioxide emissions from generation that are 32 percent lower than their 2005 levels. What role have wholesale power markets played in enabling this decarbonization? We examine this question using annual...

The authors examine the role of differentiation strategies for entry behavior in markets for local telecommunication services in the late 1990s. Whereas the prior literature has used models of interaction among homogenous firms, this research is motivated by the claim of entrants that they...