that are more exposed to automation in the U.S. through trade fared in exports and employment outcomes. The results show ….S. automation reduced manufacturing wage employment in areas where occupations were initially more susceptible to being automated … that an increase of one robot per thousand workers in the U.S.-about twice the increase observed between 2004-2014-lowers …

negative employment spillovers outside manufacturing, caused by robots but not by Chinese imports, are an important mechanism … manufacturing since the late 1990s - Chinese import competition and the introduction of industrial robots. Exploiting plausibly … exogenous variation in exposure across US local labor markets over time, we show that robots caused a sizable reduction in …

adoption and a strong expansion of international trade. Simultaneously, the income distribution has exhibited both polarization …, the International Federation of Robotics, EU KLEMS, and COMTRADE, we study the causal effect of industrial automation on … income inequality in the U.S. during 2010–2015. We exploit spatial and time variations in exposure to robots arising from …