combining population-level birth and school records from Florida. This research question is complicated by substantial school … immigrant students in the school. We propose a new identification strategy to partial out the unobserved non-random selection …

knowledge. We show that achievements of low ability students may be higher in a comprehensive school system, even if there are … neither synergy effects nor interdependent preferences among classmates. This arises because the comprehensive school sets a …

high performance standards, for example, and well-designed school choice--but also raises considerable doubts about whether … many current school policies are effective in dramatically altering the opportunity structure. The evidence presented also … educational outcomes, human capital policy aimed at disadvantaged students, and private/public school choice. …