estimate the impact on firm performance from smart sanctions deployed by the U.S. and EU against Russia beginning in 2014. We …How effective are "smart" sanctions in imposing costs on an adversary? We consider this question in a model where a …-strategic firms under sanctions, implying a cost of shielding to the regime that adds substantially to the total cost of sanctions. …

Using both the onset of the US-China trade war in 2018 and the most recent Russia-Ukraine war and associated trade … significantly decreases their trade with these jurisdictions following sanctions, government-linked firms show a marked contrast. In … sanctions. The increase is large - roughly 33% (t=4.01). We find no increase broadly to other countries (even countries in the …

Russia after the invasion of Ukraine. 61% of respondents think that firms should exit Russia, regardless of the consequences …. Only 37% think that leaving Russia is a purely business decision. If a firm does not conform with these desires, 66% of the …

sanctions against Russia; and incremental nuclear coercion against Kyiv that spurred Western deterrence messaging in response …A close reading of Russia’s nuclear statements and actions during the first seven months of its war against Ukraine … severely imperil the survival of Russia’s regime. …