Technical specifications may not in themselves guarantee that a customer’s requirements will be consistently met, if there happen to be any deficiencies in the specifications or in the organizational system designed to produce the product or service. It was in this context that the...

Evidence of audit committee activity in the formative years of the Baltimore & Ohio (B&O) Railroad indicates that control and reporting activity developed long before the existence of regulatory mandate or the external auditing function. This is the earliest example of such an organized and...

Based on a survey of US colleges and universities and reports the scope of operational auditing in these institutions. As a part of this study two hypotheses are formulated and tested to determine whether: (1) the scope of operational auditing differs between private and public institutions; and...

Explores the state of the art in internal auditing risk assessment techniques by reviewing professional requirements as stated in Statement of Internal Auditing Standards (SIAS) No. 9 and then examining and discussing currently available risk assessment techniques. Models explored in the study...