Russia's brutal military aggression on Ukraine has led to extensive economic sanctions by Western countries and the … withdrawal of many foreign companies from Russian markets. The isolation of Russia from the international community has … suggests that Russia has fairly limited possibilities for import substitution in high-technology sectors. China, which could …

The EU, US and several other countries have responded with a wide range of new economic sanctions on Russia in response … to the military attack on Ukraine. These sanctions include various restrictive measures on trade with Russia. In this …. We find that the trade sanctions can have substantial negative effects on Russian production when Russia is unable to …

its value against the US dollar. The impact of the conflict on Russia may have been amplified by sanctions imposed by … investment. In the aftermath of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine that broke out early 2014, the Russian ruble lost 50% of … Western countries. However, as Russia is heavily dependent on natural resource exports, another factor behind the …

costs. Thus, sanctions had a much smaller impact on Russia than they would have on an economy with larger manufacturing … Russian economy was able to withstand the pressure from unprecedented package of international sanctions. First, it shows that …

of a complete immediate stop of energy imports from Russia would be small, between 0.5% and 3% of GDP. Baqaee et al …