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This report contains three separate papers, each addressing selected issues concerning natural gas policy and security of gas supply in Europe. The over-arching themes are vulnerability (to supply disruptions, to supplier pricing power) and fragmentation; and measures designed to overcome them,...
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differences in economic ideology. Even as post-Soviet Russia pushes west, and Europe pushes east in a contest of business models … network of pipelines linking Europe and Russia, natural gas serves as a bridge that unites the region through common economic … interests. Tracking the economic and political role of natural gas through multiple countries--Russia and Ukraine, the United …
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The Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022 shook continental geopolitics and led to a major shift in EU energy policy. The necessary speed of the combined diversification away from the Russian energy sources, fossil fuel phase-out and mass scale-up of low-carbon energy and technologies are...
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Ukraine is a big country with a developed multimodal transport infrastructure that includes a network of roads, railways, airports and seaports, as well as pipelines. In addition, the country has significant infrastructure for electricity generation and distribution, and for gas transportation....
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seen as a strong measure against Russia's war effort, some EU governments were unenthusiastic, due to potential negative …
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