This essay is about human resource management, internal labor markets, and assorted theories of wage behavior. A stereotype of managerial activities and policies is sketched out in the first section, which, although reflecting a parochial (U.S.) orientation, is intended to approximate a set of...

In the first part of this paper, the importance of concerted behavior by workers emerges from examination of some prominent theories which set out to explain wage rigidity in the face of declining demand or excess supply without abandoning key elements of competitive theory. In the second part,...

This paper considers certain international differences in organizational and bargaining expense with the aid of an extended model of industrial relations which is sketched at the outset. In this model the prevailing preferences of a nation's workers vis-a-vis radical alternatives to capitalism,...