In this paper a method is developed to derive prices for natural goods from information about material and energy flows within ecosystems. The derivation is based on an analogy between ecological and economic systems: both systems are characterized by flows of material and energy. To derive...

Many environmental damages are caused by substances which come into existence asundesired joint outputs in the production of desired goods. Whether an output isdesired or not, however, is not an inherent property of the substance itself butdepends on the context of production. This book studies...