When a society wants to control aggregate emission under a certain target, is it more desirable to impose a tax or a nontradable regulatory standard on emission? We answer this question by focusing on the role of productivity heterogeneity across a continuum of plants. The plants are...

We incorporate emission into a general equilibrium model with rich dispersion in productivity among monopolistically competitive plants. Emission is modeled as a by-product from goods production. An abatement technology is available to the plants for reducing emission. We compare an emission tax...