Consider a situation in which countries anticipate an international environmental agreement (IEA) to be in effect sometime in the future. What is the impact of the future IEA on current emissions after its announcement? We show that the answer to this question is ambiguous. We examine four types...

In a Nash equilibrium of voluntary participation games in international environmental agreements, the optimal surplus sharing rules, proposed by Eyckmans and Finus (2004) and Weikard (2009), incentivize more countries to participate in the agreements. We examine how robust this desirability of...