This paper develops a closed-loop supply chain model consisting of a single manufacturer, single retailer, and single collector under various coordination scenarios. New products produced from the manufacturing and remanufacturing processes will be sold to the market at the same price. Used...

This article proposes one further step toward the design of Sustainable Manufacturing Enterprise. This article presents an integrated approach for designing a reverse logistics network by minimizing the carbon emissions and the transportation distances between different candidate centers while...

Purpose - Environmental issues have become an important concern in modern supply chain management. The structure of closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) networks, which considers both forward and reverse logistics, can greatly improve the utilization of materials and enhance the performance of the...