Background: Optimization approaches and a models can be applied for critical production systems that experience equipment failure, repair delays and product quality control in order to maximize the total profit. We can cite, as an example, flexible manufacturing systems. Methods: Our methodology...

Investing in green technologies to increase sustainability in supply chains has become a common practice for two reasons: the first is directly related to the defense of the environment and people's health to smooth the emissions of pollutants; the second is the increasing consumer awareness of...

In this paper, we emphasize environmental cooperation, which has been viewed as a crucial relational competence to enable the design and execution of green supply chain management (GSCM) based on a strategic plan. Caputo type fractional order derivative-based three echelon supply chain model is...