Due to its great contribution to environmental pollution, the American utility industry is increasingly under a high level of scrutiny by its stakeholders. Proponents of the legitimacy theory, argue that poor environmental performers are likely to voluntarily disclose more environmental...

This paper places environmental research and development (R&D) in the context of the literatures about corporate social responsibility and value chain management. The paper then explains how public policies aimed at improving environmental performance create opportunities for socially...

Formal corporate environmental reports - voluntary periodic communication by companies about their environmental activities and performance in a single document generally analogous to an annual report - began to appear at the end of the 1980s. By 1995, over 100 Fortune 500 companies issued...