Like in most Sub-Saharan Africa, biomass is the most consumed fuel in overall Kenyan energy demand. In addition to biomass, other end-use fuels are also consumed in the country, mostly by economic sectors. However, electricity demand has been the only end-use energy considered in most energy...

Based on the application of the algebra of optimal control theory to a systems approach to sustainable development goals (SDGs), this article argues that the “green agenda” of the environmental SDGs is neither necessary nor sufficient to attain sustainable development; it suffices for this...

Dominant approaches to rural development have proven unable to confront the structural challenges posed by a system where progress itself generates hunger and increasing environmental damage. This article places its accent on the direct action of communities to organize themselves to satisfy...

I analyze energy-efficiency policy as a prescription of a minimum-efficiency standard for energy-using household goods like cars, building insulation, and home appliances. Such a policy has two effects. At the intensive margin, a household that invests will choose a more efficient device. At the...

In 2018, an agreement between the key EU institutions - the Commission, the European Parliament, and the European Council - was reached after a long-lasting discourse over the 2030 EU climate and energy policy package. This paper offers a comprehensive assessment of the EU package, with its...