largely determined by lobbying, we find strong effects of electoral incentives. …

-identical producers within the same industry, lobbying for tighter environmental rules turns out to be an important strategy of raising …-industrial competition engage in counter-lobbying and when they remain silent. …

We analyze the determinants of environmental policy when two firms engage in two types of lobbying against a … restriction on allowed pollution: General lobbying increases the total amount of allowed pollution, which is beneficial for both … firms. Private lobbying increases the individual pollution standard of the lobbying firm, but has a negative or zero effect …