The pollution haven hypothesis affirms that an open market regime will encourage the flow of low technology polluting industries toward developing countries, due to potential comparative advantages related to low environmental standards. In contrast, the hypothesis suggested by Porter and van...

The Europe 2020 Strategy has identified the key goal of smart, more inclusive and sustainable growth. In this direction, redirecting firms' innovation activities towards ecological targets without hampering their competitiveness is of paramount importance. The double externality issue related to...

The aim of this paper is to provide an updated survey of the ‘‘state of the art’’ in environmental policies, with a particular focus on those policies fostering the generation, diffusion and exploitation of technologies improving environmental performances, i.e. eco-innovations. In...