incidence of poverty. insurance against unemployment and is associated with lower incidence of poverty. This finding remains …

Up-to-date, nationally representative household income/expenditure data are crucial to estimating poverty during the … COVID-19 pandemic and to policy-making more broadly, but South Africa lacks such data. We present new pandemic poverty …-loss-induced poverty: a headcount ratio increase at the upper-bound poverty line of 5.2 percentage points (3.1 million people/13 per cent …