Following monetary union with the west in June 1990, the employment rate for east German 18-54 year olds fell from 89% to 73% in six years, and the decline for women was considerably larger. This employment fall is possibly the worst of any European transition economy, yet one might have...

In West Germany during the 1980's, law changes cut the level of unemployment compensation for the unemployed without children, and extended the duration of unemployment insurance for unemployed aged 42 and over, leaving other groups unaffected. This paper takes advantage of these natural...

We analyze the JobKeeper lump-sum wage subsidy introduced by the Australian government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, paying particular attention to the role of temporary layoffs in saving jobs. Although temporary layoffs were widely used, we find that recalls of workers on temporary...