Empirical evidence suggests that the bargaining power of trade unions differs across firms and sectors. Standard models … of all unions and (ii) trade liberalization. We show that union heterogeneity unambiguously reduces the negative … employment effects of stronger unions. Firm-specific bargaining power creates a link between unionization and the entry and exit …

Empirical evidence suggests that high-productivity firms face stronger trade unions than low-productivity firms. Then a … policy that puts all unions into a better bargaining position is no longer neutral for firm selection as in models with a … increases unemployment because firms with the least powerful labor unions have to leave the market. …

Empirical evidence suggests that high-productivity firms face stronger trade unions than low-productivity firms. Then a … policy that puts all unions into a better bargaining position is no longer neutral for firm selection as in models with a … increases unemployment because firms with the least powerful labor unions have to leave the market. …

. Consequences of how the unions value members and members' status (employed or unemployed) in their collective maximand …

We extend the standard quality-ladder model with heterogeneous workers by including efficiency wages and unions. We …

What are the effects of firm- and sector-level trade unions on unemployment and aggregate output if individuals have … rent-sharing motives are only taken into account and asserted by firm-level unions which capture a higher fraction of firms …' rents via firm-specific wages, average profits are higher under sector-level trade unions. As a consequence, firm …