terms of productivity than non-traders when agglomeration rises. Firms that are stable participants of international trade … gain 16 % in terms of total factor productivity growth as agglomeration doubles while non-traders may not benefit from … agglomeration at all. Results also suggest that traders' productivity premium is most apparent in urbanised economies. …

correct for measurement errors in skills, and to deal with the endogeneity of agglomeration. Our results are robust to … alternative agglomeration measures and a large set of controls, however, returns to skills vary considerably across worker groups …

terms of productivity than non-traders when agglomeration rises. Firms that are stable participants of international trade … gain 16 % in terms of total factor productivity growth as agglomeration doubles while non-traders may not benefit from … agglomeration at all. Results also suggest that traders' productivity premium is most apparent in urbanised economies …