burdened by bargaining costs. Under weak conditions, four mechanisms weakly dominate all others: Markets, employment with …

partner. (b) Bilateral relationships economize on set-up costs, but are burdened by bargaining costs. Under weak conditions …

This paper investigates the patterns of bargaining in multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the presence of labor unions … coordination activities. It derives the bargaining regimes which arise as sub-game perfect equilibria, and considers both … unions’ per member transaction costs may attenuate the conflict of interests between bargaining parties as regards the …