The separation of infrastructure management from operations is central to efforts under way to reform European railways. But why does Europe favour such separation? What are the expected consequences? What does it mean in practice? What are the advantages and disadvantages? What risks are...

A new CEPS Task Force Report has identified possible pathways for achieving the EU’s ambitious climate change targets. It concludes that a GHG emissions reduction in line with EU climate change policy is possible, but it has a cost. This report argues that most of the reductions required of...