This Working Paper investigates developments in social dialogue and collective bargaining during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in a selection of European countries. The paper provides an overview of government and social partner responses. In describing responses, the main goal of...

Variable Pay Systems or Pay for performance suppose variable additional components to regular wages connected, for example, with the evolution of the firm objectives or with the evolution of the individual features and productivity. These forms of variable remuneration have had a growing...