The widespreadunderstandingthat the ECJ'searly fundamental rights jurisprudence in Internationale Handelsgesellschaft (1970) and other cases was developed in response to judgments of theGerman and Italian Constitutional Courts has recently been questioned.Delledonne and Fabbriniclaimboth that...

In this article, we study judicial behavior at the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC). British judges in general, and British high court judges in particular, are perceived to be independent and isolated from political pressure and interference. Furthermore, these judges tend to show...