This paper provides an overview of different approaches to old age security and their societal outcome in three advanced welfare states: Denmark, Finland, and the United Kingdom. All three countries established a public first tier minimum pension, which was also pursued in the following. Reform...

The Scottish Government's Budget for 2024-25 takes place at a time of particular uncertainty about the future funding environment. UK government spending plans both for the coming year and for later years seem likely to be topped up, but when and by how much is unclear. The current UK government...

This chapter of our second annual Budget Report looks at Scottish tax policy and revenue, the overall amount of funding available for Scottish public services, and planned spending on different individual services in the coming financial year, 2024-25. In several important respects, the Scottish...