but also by subjective measures of plant labor productivity and financial performance. Union effects on training are … for labor productivity and the firm's bottom line. While some negative effects of multiple unionism at the workplace now …

", where able managers raise labour productivity by 17% compared to less able. We show that the managers' incentive scheme is …

measure of establishment labour productivity. In addition, the implications of training for the firm's bottom line are … labour productivity outcome and, in the case of the earlier survey, for the financial performance indicator as well. However …

. Compared to individual incentives, team incentives can affect productivity by changing both workers' effort and team … productivity and composition of teams. Strengthening incentives, either through rankings or tournaments, makes workers more likely … average productivity by 14%, whereas introducing a tournament increases it by 24%. Both effects are heterogeneous: rank …