This paper addresses the problem of point identification in the presence of measurement error in discrete variables; in particular, it considers the case of having two “noisy” indicators of the same latent variable and without any prior information about the true value of the variable of...

Using logistic and multilevel logistic modelling we examine non-response at the school and pupil level to the important educational achievement survey Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) for England. The analysis exploits unusually rich auxiliary information on all schools and...