Low fertility is a major policy focus in Japan. Many policies, such as an increase in replacement allowances during … parental leave, were rolled out during the 1990s and early 2000s with little evidence that they had any effect on fertility or … treated firms, and there was an increased likelihood of women taking up permanent employment at reduced hours following their …

determinant of the maternal time costs: the time spent out of paid employment. We make use of longitudinal information about the …

Although evidence suggests a correlation between fertility and employment, comparative studies on this topic are … Europe and the potential convergence in the impact of employment on fertility behaviours across European countries …. Furthermore, the study asks whether the relationship between employment and fertility is changing similarly across European …

We investigate the role of employment in explaining changes in the mental health of single mothers compared to … health, higher employment, and longer working hours. We estimate a Heckman selection model for employment and hours worked. A … that employment was associated with better mental health for all women. Higher job hours were associated with lower mental …