The paper provides an account of innovative financing mechanisms which have been adopted in many national training … systems. These mechanisms aim at correcting shortcomings of conventional training finance systems in order to better meet … labor market needs, improve both the quality and relevance of training provision and to contain training costs. Directions …

Temporary work agencies use training as a recruitment and retention argument when qualified labor is scarce. However …, short job assignments present a major obstacle for employers and employees to increase investment in training. As temporary … agency workers are mainly low-qualified and often previously unemployed, paid work in combination with training should lead …

be driven by higher-skilled workers. The results for training are less clear, but suggest that higher-skilled immigration … may have a positive impact on the training of native workers. We discuss the implications for post-Brexit immigration …