The traditional avoidance literature undeservedly neglects tax base distribution as a factor affecting the avoidance price, and generally assumed to be equal to the avoidance cost. In reality, avoidance providers are usually either high-skilled specialists or insiders. The strong collusion thus,...

The UK has embarked upon a programme of reform that will result in the Financial Services Authority (FSA) being split into two separate authorities, the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). A new BoE committee, the Financial Policy Committee (FPC),...

Over the last few years, large retailers offering financial services have considerably grown in the financial services sector. Retailers are increasing the wideness and complexity of their offer of financial services. Large retail companies provide financial services to their customers following...

General partners (GPs) in private equity (PE) report the performance of an existing fund while raising capital for a follow-on fund. Interim performance has large effects on fundraising outcomes; the impact is greatest when backed by exits and for low reputation GPs. Faced with these incentives,...

Shares of open-end real estate funds are typically traded directly between the investor and the fund management company. However, we provide empirical evidence for the growth of secondary market activities, i.e., the trading of shares on stock exchanges. We find high trading levels in situations...

This paper examines social or peer to peer lending in two platforms, Prosper in the United States and Zopa in the United Kingdom. The hand-collected sample consists of 600 random loan requests -- 300 in each platform -- in different stages of fulfillment during the month of February 2011. The...

We empirically examine the American and British survey datasets for about 16,000 privately held small businesses. The financial behavior of private firms demonstrates substantial financial contentment. We find fewer than 10% of the British firms seek rapid firm expansion while only 1.32% of...

This paper aims at capturing the latest developments and growth of Islamic finance (IF) in the UK. The study also aims at shedding light on the driving factors that have been attributed to the rise of this phenomenon in this country. To meet these objectives, the paper utilizes historical and...

The UK financial market has been severely affected by the recent financial crisis. The crisis has exposed weaknesses in the supervisory framework as well as that for crisis management and resolution. This paper reviews the supervisory and regulatory framework and the many reforms that have...

This article is intended to introduce the Reader to the definition of professional secrecy as defined by Polish Organization and Functioning of Pension Funds Act (OFPF Act) and to highlight the essence of the most extensive legal protection of professional secrecy related to the activities of...