The UK has made major contributions to the development of investor-state dispute settlement from 1920-2020. This essay shows that the UK contributed in three ways (1) law-making, both before and after the launch of its investment treaty programme in the early 1970s; (2) dispute settlement –...

This paper considers the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the United Kingdom and Kenya signed on 8th December 2020 and which was ratified by the Kenyan Parliament on 9th March 2021. The theory underlying the concept of the EPA is that they seek to create greater market access to both...

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) will have profound implications for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within and beyond the free trade area. SME issues get more attention in the TPP than previous FTAs. Since there is limited research on the impact of the FTAs on SMEs, it is of great...