competition on bank lending. We study over 30,000 British bank loans over the period 1885 to 1925. Borrowers in counties with high …We investigate the impact of increasing bank concentration on bank loan contracts in a lightly regulated environment … bank concentration received smaller loans and posted more collateral than borrowers in low concentration counties. In high …

of enforcement activity by European competition authorities in labor markets relative to the US. While enforcement action … competition enforcement in labor markets. The article identifies sectors and practices that may be scrutinized with priority by … European competition authorities and proposes a mix of enforcement, merger control and well-targeted policy and regulatory …

paper analyses the quantitative determinants of bank ratings, provided by Standard & Poor's, Moody's, and Fitch in the …, capital adequacy and operating performance are the key determinants of bank ratings across the rating agencies. However …, macroeconomic variables and market risk factors do not seem to be contributing factors in explaining bank ratings in either country …