We merge detailed household level expenditure data from older households with historical local weather information. We … warm during cold shocks? For households who cannot smooth consumption over time, cold weather shocks are equivalent to … income shocks. We find evidence that the poorest of older households are unable to smooth spending over the worst temperature …

working hours. We find that the income shock from the Million's Lottery positively affects household consumption for durable … react similarly to a shock to total household expenditures. However, we do not find any effects on household consumption …

Climate change is a serious issue that has become a heated topic of debate among the nation states. It is not only an … environmental problem, but an international problem per se. The present study discusses in very general the complexity of climate … Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, grants transferable credit for abatement achieved by individual …