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Since governments are the largest buyers globally, they have enormous purchasing power. Government purchasing, therefore, has potential to be leveraged to improve social outcomes, such as helping disadvantaged communities, ensuring labor rights, and minimizing negative environmental impacts....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013309654
The vast majority of firms in Europe are micro firms. Still, we know little about their financing patterns. Our paper aims to close this gap. Based on a large European firm-level data set, we find that micro firms differ in their financing patterns from small and medium-sized companies. Our...
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In this paper, we investigate how going private affects corporate innovation activities. We compare the innovation … activities of firms that went private to the innovation activities of firms that received a going-private offer but stayed as … public for reasons unrelated to innovation. Using patent-based metrics, we find that the scale of innovation grows after …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012860073
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We investigate the importance of the housing-based collateral lending channel on firm borrowing, investment and employment. We focus on small firms in France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. To identify a credit supply effect, as opposed to a home-equity driven demand effect, we compare...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012984484
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Scholars tend to assume that in terms of institutional shape the US is generally more hierarchical and centralized than the EU and in terms of market integration the former is more of a single free market than the latter in the sense of fewer allowable trade restraints. This paper, however, in...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013140842
The regulation of procurement within the European Union is binary: above certain financial thresholds, contracts are subject to full EU regulation, whereas below they are only subject to national rules (in general). First introduced in the 1970s, the financial thresholds are arbitrary without a...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012992404