We analyze several rounds of U.S. import restrictions against washing machines. Using retail price data, we estimate the price effect of these import restrictions by comparing the price changes of washers with those of other appliances. We find that in response to the 2018 tariffs on nearly all...

Multinational corporations (MNCs) have benefited tremendously from free trade in the past few decades in the form of cost reductions, resource advantages, and market expansion. However, the dynamism of international relations and a global recession have rekindled the debate over frictionless...