that are more exposed to automation in the U.S. through trade fared in exports and employment outcomes. The results show … growth in exports per worker from Mexico to the U.S. by 6.7 percent. Higher exposure to U.S. automation did not affect wage ….S. automation reduced manufacturing wage employment in areas where occupations were initially more susceptible to being automated …

result of productivity growth (assumed to reflect automation) and are part of a long-term trend. Since the 1980s, however … capture many factors besides automation, and cautions against using descriptive evidence to draw causal inferences. It also … employment in the 2000s, but finds little evidence of a causal link to automation. …

In the current public discussion, it is considered certain that we are living in a time of rapidly advancing automation … indicator of automation. The present study challenges this perspective. It examines two central questions: First, what … approaches to automation and digitalization have been pursued in the automotive industry in Germany, Japan and the USA? Second …