The slave trades out of Africa represent one of the most significant forced migration experiences in history. In this paper I illustrate their long-term consequences. I first consider the influence of the slave trade on the "sending" countries in Africa, with attention to their economic,...

Soul drivers, market makers -- "The most notorious of the Baltimore Negro-buyers" -- Sweet dreams and smuggling schemes -- Bank bonds and bondspersons -- "The slave-factory of Franklin & Armfield" -- Chains of violence -- Machines of empire -- Conclusion