incorporate China into an existing model for the G-3 economies (i.e., the United States, the euro area, and Japan), paying …

China or Japan, has no predictable effect on its trade surplus. Currency appreciation by the creditor country will slow its …-growth and low-growth economies, as between Japan and the U.S. from in 1950 to 1971 and China and the U.S. from 1994 to 2005 …

China or Japan, has no predictable effect on its trade surplus. Currency appreciation by the creditor country will slow its …-growth and low-growth economies, as between Japan and the U.S. from in 1950 to 1971 and China and the U.S. from 1994 to 2005 …

rates in a wide range of countries, including Japan. It seems that this decline was triggered by the investment of the … bond markets, thus easing global monetary conditions. -- Intervention ; portfolio balance effect ; Japan …