consumption of energy for personal transport, as higher gasoline taxes are related to a greater use of "green" modes of transport …This paper analyzes how gasoline tax rates are related to the time workers in the United States spend commuting by …-state differences and time variations in gasoline taxes. Using the American Time Use Surveys for the years 2003 to 2015, we find that …

Least-squares estimates of the response of gasoline consumption to a change in the gasoline price are biased toward … zero, given the endogeneity of gasoline prices. A seemingly natural solution to this problem is to instrument for gasoline … prices using gasoline taxes, but this approach tends to yield implausibly large price elasticities. We demonstrate that …