, therefore, helps them to export. However, we propose that not all companies benefit equally, because firms differ in how … general to export. Furthermore, it has the highest positive impact on the exports of subsidiaries of foreign firms, followed …

between trade status and firm characteristics. First, exploiting firm-level information on the destination of export and the …

foreign tariffs will induce these firms to simultaneously export and invest in productivity. In contrast, lower foreign … tariffs will induce higher-productivity firms to export without investing, as in Melitz (2003). We model this econometrically …