stock of existing transatlantic retaliatory tariffs and examines three different motives that explain how products are … evaluation of EU tariffs implemented in response to U.S. steel and aluminum tariffs: within one year, imports of treated products …

. In the first quarter of 2002, President Bush imposed tariffs of up to 30 percent on foreign steel producers in many …

In principle, the U.S. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) offers uniform market access to exports from eligible …

foreign status quo tariffs are low, and in the absence of transfers, the protectionist agenda-setter will offer high tariffs … Restriction" after the Civil War. When the status quo trade policy is high unilateral (and foreign) tariffs, e.g., U.S. 1860 … exporter of capital-intensive manufactures is not sufficient to explain the unilateral imposition of tariffs by the U …

motivation include improvement in foreign market access, stimulation of investment flows and stricter standards on intellectual …