-South theoretical framework, I show that higher Northern tariffs reduce the incentives for outsourcing and offshoring, while higher … Southern tariffs have the opposite effects. I also show that increased offshoring and outsourcing imply an increase in the …. -- Intra-firm trade ; offshoring ; outsourcing tariffs …

for performance and long-term profitability. While outsourcing reduces the operating costs of major airlines, it increases …

. -- multinational firms ; outsourcing ; intra-firm trade ; offshoring ; vertical FDI …