Government bailouts undermine the core principles of capitalism. They are also expensive, unjust, unpopular, and usually represent dramatic deviations from the rule of law. However, they are also, in some cases, necessary. The “problem of bailouts,” then, is that they are almost always...

The Pepperdine Private Capital Markets Project survey for business owners, administered during the spring of 2010, reveals an increasingly important role of friends and family (Friends/Family) to provide capital for privately-held businesses. Examining business owners’ perceptions of their...

We provide an overview of the data requirements necessary to monitor repurchase agreements (repos) and securities lending markets for the purposes of informing policymakers and researchers about firm-level and systemic risk. We start by explaining the functioning of these markets, then argue...

The financial crisis of 2007-09 has sparked keen interest in models of financial frictions and their impact on macro activity. Most models share the feature that borrowers suffer a contraction in the quantity of credit. However, the evidence suggests that although bank lending contracted during...

This paper examines the evolution of intra-financial sector lending in the United States, 1950- 2012, presenting estimates constructed from the Federal Reserve's Flow of Funds Accounts. We establish a number of stylized facts concerning the growth and composition of claims between financial...

I show that dealer behavior in the US corporate bond market is consistent with dealers bearing a time-varying cost of holding inventory. Liquidity is worse when inventory costs increase, especially for bonds with lower credit ratings, customers with lower bargaining power, and larger trades....

Stock exchange operators compete for order flow by setting "make" fees for limit orders and "take" fees for market orders. When traders quote continuous prices, they can choose prices that perfectly neutralize any fee division, and traders stream to the exchange with the lowest total fee. The...

This study examines the connection between analyst coverage and environmental investment using firm-level data from the S&P 500 spanning 2001 to 2022. There is still an unclear and missing piece in the literature of the U.S. evidence investigating the impact of external analysts on monitoring...