given technology affects subsequent innovation. To shed light on this question, I analyze the sequencing of the human genome … innovation, as of 2009, from genes sequenced by the public effort over the same time period, a comparison group that appears … within-gene flow measures of subsequent innovation. Both analyses suggest Celera's IP led to reductions in subsequent …

that the welfare impact of the GE innovation is significant. In the last five years of the period analyzed, our preferred …