We provide the literature's first estimates of economic outcomes for transgender people and other gender minorities in … the United States using nationally representative data from the Household Pulse Survey. We find that transgender women …

We provide the first evidence on transgender earnings in the US using administrative data on over 55,000 individuals … affirm gender. To address selection we estimate transgender earnings gaps using timing variation within-person and variation … across siblings and coworkers. All three approaches return evidence of robust transgender earnings penalties of 6-13 log …

Transgender and gender nonconforming people face stigma and discrimination from a wide variety of sources and through … postponement of primary curative care among this marginalized group of people by drawing from the National Transgender … transgender and gender nonconforming communities but remains underexplored in social and health research. Results suggest that …