Estimation of the causal effect of parental migration on children's educational attainment is complicated by the fact … educations. Their younger siblings, in contrast, may still be in school, and thus will be affected by the parental migration … that migrants and non-migrants are likely to differ in unobservable ways that also affect children's educational outcomes …

This paper formulates and estimates multistage production functions for children's cognitive and noncognitive skills … investment in children compared to later remediation. We establish nonparametric identification of a general class of production … targeting of interventions to children with different parental and personal birth endowments. Substitutability decreases in …

This paper formulates and estimates multistage production functions for children's cognitive and noncognitive skills … investment in children compared to later remediation. We establish nonparametric identfication of a general class of production … targeting of interventions to children with different parental and personal birth endowments. Substitutability decreases in …