Using a unique dataset of the Euro area and the U.S. bank lending standards, we find that low (monetary policy) short-term interest rates soften standards, for household and corporate loans. This softening – especially for mortgages – is amplified by securitization activity, weak supervision...

This paper analyzes the international controversy surrounding the U.S. effort to regulate cross-border banks in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. It proceeds as a case study of the Federal Reserve's enhanced prudential standards for large banking organizations, implemented in 2014...

In this paper, we argue that rising debt levels have caused a revival of financial repression in the Euro Area and the US to reduce debt-servicing costs and even liquidate debt. We describe how, in addition to the “safe haven capital flight,” the Federal Reserve directly represses US bond...

The multi-trillion dollar market for, what was at that time wholly unregulated, over-the- counter derivatives (“swaps”) is widely viewed as a principal cause of the 2008 worldwide financial meltdown. The Dodd-Frank Act, signed into law on July 21, 2010, was expressly considered by Congress...

U.S. financial regulation has traditionally made functional and institutional regulation roughly equivalent. However, the gradual shift away from Glass-Steagall and the introduction of the Financial Modernization Act (FMA) generated a disorderly mix of functions and products across institutions,...

U.S. financial regulation has traditionally made functional and institutional regulation roughly equivalent. However, the gradual shift away from Glass-Steagall and the introduction of the Financial Modernization Act (FMA) generated a disorderly mix of functions and products across institutions,...

The author compares the U.S. with other G-10 countries regarding key aspects of permissible banking activities. One conclusion is that banks in the U.S. face greater restrictions, and possibly more intensive supervisory oversight, than do banks in most other G-10 countries. Second, the majority...

In the wake of the global financial crisis that erupted in 2008, there has been extensive commentary and regulatory focus on the 'Too Big to Fail' issue. In this paper, we survey the proposed solutions and regulatory initiatives that have been undertaken. We conduct a longitudinal analysis of...

Fünf Jahre nach dem Ausbruch der Finanzmarktkrise hat sich einiges getan: Die USA und die Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union haben verschiedene Regulierungen auf den Weg gebracht. Die Autoren beurteilen dies allerdings unterschiedlich. Zum einen seien die Regulierungen nicht ausreichend...