with the unemployment rate. It also predicts that the share of newly created jobs fulfilled by current inhabitants of a … city increases with the unemployment rate. I test this model with data from the United States census between 1980 and 2000 … city with 3.7% unemployment the average local employment multiplier is 0.91 for current inhabitants and 0.60 for migrants …

, unemployment rates, and wages in fixed-effects regressions which effectively use changes in these indicators over time within … changes as proxies for regional migration. Comparing the results with those for the United States and the European Union, the … regional shocks by adjusting up to a third of a regional non-employment shock through migration within two years. This is …